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1. Overview of the micro switch industry A micro switch is a switch with a small contact interval and a snap-action mechanism. The principle is to use external mechanical force to be transmitted to the driving mechanism through the transmission part, so that the electrostatic contact at the end and the electromotive force The contacts are quickly contacted or disconnected, so as to realize the function of controlling the on and off of the circuit. The micro switch has the characteristics of small electrical contact spacing, fast action structure, high sensitivity and so on. Since its inception, it has been continuously developed to meet various application requirements. The early micro switches have a small range of current and voltage that can be broken, and the mechanical life is short, the quality stability is poor, and they cannot adapt to special environments such as high temperature, high pressure, humidity, water spray, and vibration, which limits the micro switch. The scope of application. Therefore, the mid-to-high-end market in the micro switch industry requires micro switch companies to continuously increase R&D investment for process improvement and new material research, so as to broaden the application fields of micro switches. The main directions of improvement and research include: In order to improve the durability and safety of the product, and extend the service life of the product; by improving the product’s high temperature, high pressure, humidity, water spray, vibration and other characteristics, it can adapt to the special working environment, and continue to expand the application field of micro switches; broaden The range of rated parameters that the micro switch is applicable to, such as increasing the rated current and voltage, so that the micro switch can work under a higher current and voltage environment, or can work under a small current and voltage.
In addition, compared with the high-end market of micro-switches, the entry barrier for the low-end market of micro-switches is relatively low. There are a large number of small-scale, homogeneous enterprises in the low-end and mid-range micro switch market. Such enterprises often have problems such as low R&D investment, backward production equipment, insufficient large-scale production, insufficient technology accumulation, etc., and product quality is difficult to be effective. Control, mainly through low-price strategies to participate in market competition. With the continuous advancement of technology and the use of new materials, the application fields of micro switches have continued to break through. At present, micro switches can be widely used in household appliances, special equipment, medical instruments, power tools, aviation equipment, passenger cars, etc. , Has a broad market. At the same time, due to the wide range of applications of micro switches, diverse product types, and varying degrees of process complexity, the micro switch industry has a low degree of concentration and fewer large-scale micro switch manufacturers.
2. Market structure of the micro switch industry. my country is a big manufacturing country with a sound industrial system. As one of the basic electronic components, micro switches have basically realized nationalized production. Micro switches have a broad application field, not only in precision manufacturing industries such as medical instruments and aviation equipment, but also in industries with relatively low technical content such as toy manufacturing. Due to the wide application field of micro switch, the variety of product types, and the different degree of process complexity, there are many micro switch manufacturers in the industry. The medium and low-end market of micro-switches has large capacity and low entry barriers. There are a large number of small-scale and homogeneous enterprises, and the industry concentration is low. Such enterprises often have problems such as backward production equipment, insufficient large-scale production, insufficient technical accumulation, etc., and the product quality is difficult to be effectively controlled. They are mainly used in low-end toys and other products that do not require high quality of micro-switches. Such enterprises participate in market competition through low-price strategies, resulting in particularly fierce competition among manufacturers at this level, and they are in a weak position in industry competition. Mid-to-high-end micro switches are mainly used in household appliances, medical instruments, aviation equipment, etc. This type of micro switch products have high technical content and high industry concentration. For example, some micro switch products are used in high-end fields such as household appliances and passenger cars. The home appliance and automobile industries have high requirements for the safety and durability of microswitches. At the same time, they have put forward high requirements for the R&D capabilities and product quality of microswitch manufacturers. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the concentration of the home appliance industry is also rising. Consumers are increasingly favoring big-brand home appliances, and big-brand home appliance manufacturers often have high-quality and customized requirements for micro-switches. It can be seen that as the development of the home appliance and automobile industries matures, the industry concentration of the mid-to-high-end micro switch market continues to increase, and the advantages of large-scale micro switch manufacturers will become more obvious.
The production of micro switches covers the process of product structure design, precision mold design and manufacturing, and quality inspection. Every link is interlocked. Only the product structure design is reasonable, the mold is fine, the material is reasonably used, and can be produced after strict inspection. Produce high-quality products that meet market needs. After years of development, various production links in the industry have formed a relatively mature technical level.
(1) Product structure design
Product structure design is the key to mass production of products with certain shape and size requirements, and determines the quality and function of the product to a large extent. With the increasing requirements and complexity of product appearance, the types of micro switches are constantly enriched. Product structure design requires comprehensive consideration of material selection, internal structure, processing procedures, etc., including: determining that the modeling design is reasonable and reliable, and manufacturing The process can be achieved; determine the manufacturing process, structural strength, installation positioning, and interoperability of each component; determine that the product function meets the requirements and the user experience is good. At the same time, structural design should minimize the difficulty of mold development and manufacturing, and reduce mold costs and production costs.
(2) Precision mold design and manufacturing
In recent years, the level of mold manufacturing in my country has been rising, and it is gradually developing into a high-tech intensive industry of mechanization, precision and automation. Mold manufacturing refers to the process of directly processing raw materials under specific manufacturing equipment and processes, making them into parts with certain shape and size requirements, and then assembling them into molds, that is, the process of processing and assembling mold parts. Mold manufacturing belongs to discrete manufacturing, and its process is complex. It has the characteristics of single-piece production, high manufacturing quality requirements, complex shapes, and high material hardness. With the upgrading of products in the downstream industry of micro-switches, downstream machine manufacturers have higher and higher requirements for micro-switches, requiring micro-switch manufacturers to quickly develop new products that meet the requirements. Mould is the prerequisite for high-efficiency and mass production. Therefore, the design and manufacture of mould play a key role in the manufacture of micro switch.
(3) Combined application of multiple new materials
The application of new materials is the main direction of the future industry technology development. With the popularization of home appliances and automobiles, consumers’ demand for personalized accessories will increase. Different products have different high-end and low-end positioning, and different materials will be used. In addition, the different design structures and different uses of the end application products of the micro switch also put forward new requirements for the application of materials. Sexual requirements are high. Therefore, enterprises in the industry need to be familiar with the structural characteristics and scene characteristics of each terminal in order to customize highly-fitting micro switch products. In order to achieve high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, moisture resistance, water resistance, vibration resistance and other protective functions, as well as beautiful and fashionable appearance requirements, enterprises in the industry need to try to select new materials with different characteristics and design, process, and assemble. Design, development, technological level and production capacity all have high requirements.
(4) Quality inspection
Micro switch products have many production links from the initial basic raw materials to the final product, and the process flow is longer, including stamping, injection molding, and final assembly. Each process has an impact on the quality of the final product. This requires companies in the industry to use high-precision production and testing equipment, equipped with experienced professionals, establish inspection specifications for each link, and implement strict quality testing to ensure the quality of the final product.
Because of their safety and reliability, micro switches are widely used in household appliances, special equipment, medical instruments, power tools, aviation equipment, passenger cars and other fields. There are many types of products, different production processes and different levels of protection. . The micro switch corresponds to a wide range of downstream industries. With the advancement of science and technology, the complete product of the downstream industry is constantly updated and iterated. The requirements for the structural design, raw material selection and production process of micro-motion and switch manufacturing are also continuously improved, which requires Micro switch companies have excellent customized research and development capabilities. In the future, micro switch manufacturers that have strong R&D capabilities and a certain scale of production and can quickly respond to industry changes will gain market competitive advantages.
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